Victim
Date Range
Score Range
Humanizes the victim and emphasizes innocence and community loss
The article leads with an emotionally resonant quote from the school principal describing Hania as 'happy, bubbly, friendly', and includes detailed personal context about her school life and peer relationships. This victim-centered framing evokes sympathy and moral weight.
“She had lots of friends, was very social and was liked by peers and teachers,” he said.”
Portrays the victim as courageous, devoted, and tragically wronged to elicit strong empathy and human interest.
The article uses emotionally resonant language attributed to family members, emphasizes her roles as mother and schoolteacher, and highlights that she was 'doing everything right,' framing her as an innocent and admirable figure.
“Leah was attacked by a shark and has sustained severe and life-threatening injuries with multiple bites across her arms and legs, lacerations and fractures throughout her body, and extreme blood loss”
Elevates the victim and his family as emotionally central and morally included
[loaded_labels], [episodic_framing], [source_asymmetry] — Describes the victim with the sympathetic label 'high school jock' and centers the brother’s grief, framing the victim’s family as part of the in-group deserving of solidarity.
“his high school jock sibling”
Survivor and campus community portrayed as vulnerable and under ongoing threat
Repeated references to the 'unsolved rape and strangulation' and the 'fear and frustration across campus' amplify a sense of danger and instability, even though the article does not report new threats.
“an unsolved rape and strangulation near UC Santa Barbara continues to spark fear and frustration across campus.”
Victim portrayed as credible, courageous, and morally justified
[viewpoint_diversity], [contextualisation]
“Judge Johnson praised her for pressing charges, saying her actions would show others in similar situations a pathway to justice.”
Victim is elevated as a beloved, respected member of society
[appeal_to_emotion]
“Harden was a “respected” professional model “loved by everyone who met him,” his agency, Nemesis, said in a tribute.”
The victim is portrayed as a fully included, respectable member of society
Extensive, emotionally resonant details about the victim’s life — his career, social habits, and cultural interests — are provided to elicit sympathy and affirm his social worth.
“Falzone was a high school teacher who lived an active life, and especially enjoyed the symphony, his neighbors recalled.”
Victim is rhetorically present but structurally excluded from narrative agency
[omission] of victim perspective and [appeal_to_emotion] that centers perpetrator's remorse over victim's experience
“I offer my unreserved apology to the victim and to their family.”
Victim is humanized and included in moral community
[appeal_to_emotion]
“We have waited 36.5 years for justice for our mom. Our mother, Marlys Mae Sather should be remembered as a beautiful and loving daughter, wife, mother of 3, grandmother of 5, great grandmother of 5, aunt, cousin and friend”