Civilian Safety
Date Range
Score Range
civilians in southern Lebanon portrayed as under severe threat
[framing_by_emphasis], [omission]
“Israeli evacuation orders for southern Lebanon, much of which its troops occupy, have effectively emptied a fifth of the entire country, including areas far beyond the front lines.”
Civilians in both Ukraine and Crimea framed as exposed to escalating drone warfare with limited protection
The article reports injuries and deaths from drone attacks on residential areas and public transport, emphasizing the human toll. The strike on a passenger train in Crimea, though not harming passengers, underscores the risk to non-combatants.
“Two people were killed and at least 18 injured, including four children aged 5, 10, 13 and 12, by a Russian drone attack in the central Zaporizhzhia region that damaged residential buildings and vehicles and destroyed market kiosks, said the regional military administration head, Ivan Fedorov.”
civilians in Beirut portrayed as endangered by targeted strikes in urban areas
passive_voice_agency_obfuscation, omission
“There was no immediate word of casualties”
Civilians in Ukraine framed as under direct and ongoing threat from aerial attacks
The article details multiple drone strikes killing civilians, with specific mention of vulnerability due to depleted air defence systems. The context about US stock depletion adds systemic weight to the threat perception.
“Ukraine’s shortage of air defence systems, in part because of the depletion of US stocks during the Iran war, has left civilians especially vulnerable to ballistic missiles”
Civilians in Ukraine portrayed as under persistent threat
Detailed reporting of two civilian deaths (minibus driver, 59-year-old man) emphasizes vulnerability. The episodic framing focuses on victimhood without contextualizing attacks within broader military reciprocity, amplifying sense of threat.
“A Russian drone strike killed a 56-year-old man working as a minibus driver in Ukraine's southern Zaporizhzhia region”
civilians in Gaza portrayed as under immediate and ongoing threat
Framing by emphasis highlights civilian casualties in residential buildings and refugee camps, with specific mention of deaths and wounds at Al-Shifa Hospital. The narrative centers vulnerability and harm, reinforcing a threatened status.
“seven killed in strikes on residential buildings and one in the Al-Shati refugee camp to the west of Gaza City”
Civilians in Ukrainian cities portrayed as under immediate and severe threat
Framing by emphasis on civilian casualties, shelters, and fires near a kindergarten amplifies perceived vulnerability. The use of 'massive strike' in a quoted warning is repeated without critical distance.
“President Zelenskyy warned of a 'massive strike' in a nightly video address.”
Civilians portrayed as under sustained threat
Direct civilian testimony and repeated displacement are used to emphasize ongoing vulnerability, particularly in Lebanon, with strong emotional framing.
“"Every time we return to our homes, there is a warning for us to be displaced again," said Faten Al Chehime”
Civilians framed as vulnerable and under attack
The article repeatedly highlights civilian casualties, including children, destruction of homes and playgrounds, and personal testimony describing apocalyptic scenes, emphasizing the vulnerability of non-combatants.
“‘We couldn’t understand what was happening - some kind of apocalypse?’ said Olha Mudra, speaking at the site of one strike, accompanied by her six-year-old daughter Natalia.”
Civilians portrayed as under severe and ongoing threat
[loaded_adjectives] like 'scene of utter devastation' and repeated descriptions of explosions, death, and trauma emphasize the vulnerability of non-combatants. The framing focuses on psychological and physical harm to ordinary people.
“we saw a scene of utter devastation”